From a Youtube video in English on the footwork, which is easy to see the fundamentals of proper technique: split step, the search of the ball, cross-step recovery etc. ..
Monday, December 21, 2009
Lindsay Dawn Mckenzie 16
FOOTWORK (Video)
From a Youtube video in English on the footwork, which is easy to see the fundamentals of proper technique: split step, the search of the ball, cross-step recovery etc. ..
From a Youtube video in English on the footwork, which is easy to see the fundamentals of proper technique: split step, the search of the ball, cross-step recovery etc. ..
Saturday, December 19, 2009
Business Plan Of A Poultry
DISCOMFORT FOR MY DAUGHTER' WAS NOT ISOLATED
Anna Age: 44 I am the mother of a 13 year old girl who until recently was part of a group of friends to whom she was almost the leader, was sought by all, this year things have suddenly changed, the other three of the group have included putting aside the problem of isolation and making them live, doing things and not making it part of it.
This is also influencing the decision to enroll high school.
How can you help me?
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Does Brent Everett Bottoms
PARENT: RESOURCE "ALMOST PERFECT"
Titololo original: The parent of child beginner: a resource "almost perfect"
Author: Luciani Mauro (Pedagogy - University of Perugia)
From: www.tennislab.it
Among various topics in sports pedagogy that are typically addressed, that of the role and influence of the parents of the students has never taken sufficient account. Yet the parent interacts deeply with the sports attended by his son and, ultimately, can significantly help or hinder their learning or performance.
Imagining the typical situation of a parent accompanying the child for the first time in a course of tennis, we can make some observations. The first concerns the reasons why that child begins to play sports? Why tennis? because in that circle? And again, what do you expect? Above all, do you expect the parent?
The parent, whether he likes it or not, always makes an investment in the child in terms of emotions and expectations. The possibility that the goodwill of the child to court is primarily an initiative of the parent than the child, is very strong. Not that this is regrettable: far from it. But we must be careful not to make an initiative and is part of the lawful functions of the parent, an attitude that does not involve compulsory at all the interest of the child. In other words, for a variety of circumstances, it is possible that your child has no experience or tennis player, or looked, so the parent is keen to discover that this world, but it is essential that the discovery take place gradually, which monitors constant the real interest of the child, who, seeing in him the potential future in these terms. The "old" reasons, such as "has brought to this sport," or "I did so I expect to do it even my son," or "I circle the house," today no longer hold. Whether the courts will ultimately be a bit ' "Hidden" and is less visible than other sports to the general public, this is another matter.
Once the child during the parent's role becomes less obvious but equally important. In tennis is not always possible to follow the lesson of children, especially in winter and under the balls. Nor would it be desirable to have a constant presence and smothering adult. The child should grow up in the new reality and to do so, must be able to freely interact with their classmates and the teacher. E 'deleterious but also the opposite approach, that of the complete inaction of the parent. Therefore, a balance that makes the present but with discretion, interested but not suffocating, informed but not urgent the application process. Above all, he must let it do its work to the teacher. As in football, even tennis is easy to deal with parents, do-it-yourself experts who believe themselves absolutely tennis technique and methodology.
It must be said that the possible interference of the parent who does not invest almost never the master in person, but turn to the child, often taken aside and advised on this and that. Sometimes this "brainwashing" is far from the tennis courts, perhaps at home or on the road to the club.
The role of the parent of the child beginner should instead be another. In addition to those already mentioned, he can be a valuable resource in times of decline of interest the child, which must be managed, especially outside of class and respect to which the teacher can not always do something. Again, parents must remember not to ever slip into attitudes of coercion or, worse, blackmail. Like all growth, this is the case for tearing later and never consistently. The declines are the physiological and, in some ways, healthy. In some cases, lead to abandon sunk, but in many others seem to give new vitality to be spent later. It 's a risk you have to run.
If, as often happens, the parent is itself a player, his ability to positively influence the child increases. Providing his attitude remains balanced. For example, spend a few hours to play together, whatever the technical difference between the two, appears to be very important occasion. As long as you do not want the child in an extra lesson, for a workout to boot! On the contrary, the practice match between parent and child must provide an opportunity both to communicate with each other, to create and nurture a complicity, to enlarge that tank of common interests for things that will matter too much bigger than tennis . In technical terms, the parent must actually play on this occasion with his son, but do not give any technical advice or tactical, without stifling in any way and if anything, stressing any improvements. A final observation
pedagogical technique can cover the top tournaments, even those students with the child. E 'likely on this occasion the parent is present assiduously. They may not show it, but it is strongly interested in the outcome of the child. Well, remember to always act in a balanced and positive. Not to emphasize the positive, not even condemn the negative. It is often said that the important thing is to play well, to the best of opportunities and that the result at this level does not count. It 's true, but not quite. It is important to have expressed their chances in the tournament, but this does not always succeed! If the player who is more a child are a beginner, play worse than they could, it is useless to him a thousand speeches, both positive and negative. Regardless of how the child himself has taken, the parent should try to quickly divert his attention from the fact.
E 'in this sense that the parent is a resource "almost perfect" for the child: as in all other educational opportunities, it is easy to miss but you can improve attitude. The variables involved are many and such that the "almost" is a must. Basically this is the tournament that the parent has to play: he is called to give his best.
How To Wedding Wishes For Sisters On Wedding Card
TENNIS AND YOUNG: METHOD AND SCHMIDT
Original title: THEORY OF THE APPLICATION AND SCHMIDT TENNIS YOUTH 
Original title: THEORY OF THE APPLICATION AND SCHMIDT TENNIS YOUTH
From: www.tennislab.it
Dall 'interview with Claudio Robazza emerge important methodological-didactic principles of reference for a correct and functional structure of the juvenile court.
experiences from high-level athlete (rugby), from a physical education teacher, a psychologist responsible for the mental preparation of top athletes of various disciplines (athletics, karate, rugby, shooting, archery, golf, modern pentathlon), in which capacity he took part in the last two Olympics, probably helped to give Claudio Robazza the ability to report effectively naturally and acquisitions gained from theoretical and methodological research on the practical and operational.
Starting from a progressive, modern motor learning model, the theory of the scheme of Richard Schmidt, of the methodological principles we try to identify the correct functional structure of youth and development of young players.
Tennislab: So you feel that the teaching of a sports complex and highly technical as the courts must necessarily pass literacy through the motor and leave, initially, almost in the background the purely technical aspects of the discipline ?
Robazza: Yes With young people must take into account the sensitive stage of development, because there are periods during which the development of certain motor skills can have the greatest chance of success.
The sensitive area of \u200b\u200bdevelopment of coordination skills ranging from 6 years to 10-11 years or so. This is not to say that after they can not be more improvements, but if we work well in this period of age, by making motor experiences varied, urging all coordination skills, increases the chances of achieving optimal results.
work on coordination skills in young players must be made wide-ranging work, in particular, those required by the particular discipline such as complex motor response, transformation and adaptation of the movements, the space-time orientation, kinesthetic differentiation, the 'static and dynamic balance, the combination motor. It should also be given the rapidity, which, though classified by some authors as the ability conditional has a phase of development that is sensitive to the coordination skills. Technical work in coordinating and, therefore, should be carried out with high speed movement execution. Besides the ability
coordinative cognitive aspects should be considered, given their importance in tennis. Furthermore, cognitive abilities have a sensitive phase of development that tends to coincide with the coordination skills. This reveals the close connection between cognitive and coordination skills. For
cognition is the process of information processing comprising the outlet of information, orientation of attention on relevant information also broaden or narrow the attentional focus, the effective flow of information storage and retrieval of stored information from decision-making anticipatory action and choice and parameterization of the program correct engine.
All of these cognitive processes must be trained with the varied activities, and the criteria we said before. The exercises may include changes in the executive space, request mobility, speed and timing. For example, after an initial phase of acquisition technique can be effective movements at different speeds or under time constraints.
Dall 'interview with Claudio Robazza emerge important methodological-didactic principles of reference for a correct and functional structure of the juvenile court.
experiences from high-level athlete (rugby), from a physical education teacher, a psychologist responsible for the mental preparation of top athletes of various disciplines (athletics, karate, rugby, shooting, archery, golf, modern pentathlon), in which capacity he took part in the last two Olympics, probably helped to give Claudio Robazza the ability to report effectively naturally and acquisitions gained from theoretical and methodological research on the practical and operational.
Starting from a progressive, modern motor learning model, the theory of the scheme of Richard Schmidt, of the methodological principles we try to identify the correct functional structure of youth and development of young players.
Tennislab: you explain the theory of the scheme of Schmidt and what guidance can we draw about the 'motor learning and the methodology of teaching tennis?
Robazza: The schema theory of Schmidt is a theoretical approach to the control and motor learning. Basically is based on the concept of the generalized motor program that solves some problems of information storage.
Prior to this theory it was thought that the movements were all controlled by separate motor programs. But in this case, any act would be too difficult and uneconomical from the standpoint of the functioning of central nervous mechanisms and processes of memory, why should we store and retrieve a wealth of information to perform even the simplest movements.
To solve the problem of the amount of information to be stored has been proposed by Richard Schmidt, the concept of generalized motor program for the development of a class of similar actions.
For example, to walk at different speeds retrieved from our memory systems on the locomotion motor program which then can be "parameterized" to be adapted to different speeds executive: The motor program for locomotion is amended to respond to a variety of situations. This is conceptually very important.
A motor program has features that distinguish it, and then the march will differ by race or by jumping to the body segments involved, the sequence of muscle contractions and misalignment, to the time executive for the time of scanning movements. Any movement or gesture automated technical complex is a class of shares used in various circumstances.
The parameters of speed, strength, direction, amplitude applied to the program that is adapted to the requirements, are defined by the "reference scheme", this one held in memory. Therefore, if I move a certain distance to take an object, select from memory the long-term program of locomotion and then adapted to the situation, through the scheme, to move faster or slower. Applying these concepts to learning sports
assumes enormous importance to the principle of variability as having to adapt the program to a class of actions I try to test the athlete parameters of action different speed, direction, strength, etc..
The variability in the parameters of the executive motor program is especially important in sports situation where any action is different.
In tennis, can in part except the service, where the movement tends to correspond to a predetermined ideal model, but at the time of the exchange is no longer exactly the same as action, as changing speed and rhythm of execution. The program that controls the execution technique during the exchange must be constantly adapted to the situation. In practice, therefore, be found a wide variability of implementation of enforcement techniques.
addition, the more the subjects are young and need more change, in addition to working parameters, including the motor programs (sports techniques) through a wide range of experiences to provide a broad base on which to base learning techniques.
From academic point of view, therefore, with young people to be found a large amount of varied experience (modifications of programs and parameters), while the progress of training and experience you should insist mainly on the variation of specific programs.
Robazza: The schema theory of Schmidt is a theoretical approach to the control and motor learning. Basically is based on the concept of the generalized motor program that solves some problems of information storage.
Prior to this theory it was thought that the movements were all controlled by separate motor programs. But in this case, any act would be too difficult and uneconomical from the standpoint of the functioning of central nervous mechanisms and processes of memory, why should we store and retrieve a wealth of information to perform even the simplest movements.
To solve the problem of the amount of information to be stored has been proposed by Richard Schmidt, the concept of generalized motor program for the development of a class of similar actions.
For example, to walk at different speeds retrieved from our memory systems on the locomotion motor program which then can be "parameterized" to be adapted to different speeds executive: The motor program for locomotion is amended to respond to a variety of situations. This is conceptually very important.
A motor program has features that distinguish it, and then the march will differ by race or by jumping to the body segments involved, the sequence of muscle contractions and misalignment, to the time executive for the time of scanning movements. Any movement or gesture automated technical complex is a class of shares used in various circumstances.
The parameters of speed, strength, direction, amplitude applied to the program that is adapted to the requirements, are defined by the "reference scheme", this one held in memory. Therefore, if I move a certain distance to take an object, select from memory the long-term program of locomotion and then adapted to the situation, through the scheme, to move faster or slower. Applying these concepts to learning sports
assumes enormous importance to the principle of variability as having to adapt the program to a class of actions I try to test the athlete parameters of action different speed, direction, strength, etc..
The variability in the parameters of the executive motor program is especially important in sports situation where any action is different.
In tennis, can in part except the service, where the movement tends to correspond to a predetermined ideal model, but at the time of the exchange is no longer exactly the same as action, as changing speed and rhythm of execution. The program that controls the execution technique during the exchange must be constantly adapted to the situation. In practice, therefore, be found a wide variability of implementation of enforcement techniques.
addition, the more the subjects are young and need more change, in addition to working parameters, including the motor programs (sports techniques) through a wide range of experiences to provide a broad base on which to base learning techniques.
From academic point of view, therefore, with young people to be found a large amount of varied experience (modifications of programs and parameters), while the progress of training and experience you should insist mainly on the variation of specific programs.
Tennislab: So you feel that the teaching of a sports complex and highly technical as the courts must necessarily pass literacy through the motor and leave, initially, almost in the background the purely technical aspects of the discipline ?
Robazza: Yes With young people must take into account the sensitive stage of development, because there are periods during which the development of certain motor skills can have the greatest chance of success.
The sensitive area of \u200b\u200bdevelopment of coordination skills ranging from 6 years to 10-11 years or so. This is not to say that after they can not be more improvements, but if we work well in this period of age, by making motor experiences varied, urging all coordination skills, increases the chances of achieving optimal results.
work on coordination skills in young players must be made wide-ranging work, in particular, those required by the particular discipline such as complex motor response, transformation and adaptation of the movements, the space-time orientation, kinesthetic differentiation, the 'static and dynamic balance, the combination motor. It should also be given the rapidity, which, though classified by some authors as the ability conditional has a phase of development that is sensitive to the coordination skills. Technical work in coordinating and, therefore, should be carried out with high speed movement execution. Besides the ability
coordinative cognitive aspects should be considered, given their importance in tennis. Furthermore, cognitive abilities have a sensitive phase of development that tends to coincide with the coordination skills. This reveals the close connection between cognitive and coordination skills. For
cognition is the process of information processing comprising the outlet of information, orientation of attention on relevant information also broaden or narrow the attentional focus, the effective flow of information storage and retrieval of stored information from decision-making anticipatory action and choice and parameterization of the program correct engine.
All of these cognitive processes must be trained with the varied activities, and the criteria we said before. The exercises may include changes in the executive space, request mobility, speed and timing. For example, after an initial phase of acquisition technique can be effective movements at different speeds or under time constraints.
Tennislab: So the technique assumes an important prerequisite for the development of alternative engines . I share this view that may seem contrary to what values \u200b\u200bthe learning of the specific technique, making it the end of the tennis practice and not just the medium.
I think that often damaged the potential of individuals with early technical specialization. What do you think could be done about the youth competitions?
Robazza: The early specialization is a problem that involves coaches, engineers, parents, managers and all the sports.
E 'need to understand these people who play important roles, a technical work-rate and specializing, while allowing you to get early results, it is dangerous and tends to undermine the development of boys.
Working on coordinated motor skills, cognitive or mental harm is not the technique, you actually create the conditions to be able to work better, but the results do not necessarily have to come at once, because we have the motor effects and long-term viability. It should also be considered to be the harmful influence that the monotony of a specialized early results in terms of motivation. The psychological damage may be irreparable dall'ipertecnicismo and lead to abandonment.
Therefore, it is certainly preferable to an approach that neglects the specialization at the moment, to recover all that is linked to the coordinated motor and cognitive aspects, postponing their specialized work, aware that they can later obtain better results.
Tennislab: But sometimes it is difficult to envisage long-term results, because teachers, parents, managers, would like them short, despite the results statistics confirm what you're saying in Italy, in fact the winners of Lambertenghi usually did not get the results of prestige in adulthood. Even in Sweden, where players are formed even earlier than that strong, do not fight over national under-12 tournaments.
I am convinced that your speech should be deepened, to bring some major innovations in setting up youth competitions.
Robazza: Yes, but this has to go through a review of its mobility or competitive demands that are made for children.
requires a long- term to grow over time and changing your philosophy of youth championships.
In the meantime, however, the technicians should not resign and download its responsibilities, but follow the criteria and scientific principles in the activity with the kids, make their demands consistent with the purposes and long-term storage expectations commensurate with age.
This mentality is also transmitted to parents and leaders who often want the results immediately.
engineers have the task of disseminating these principles very clearly.
Tennislab: to what age you think the courts of children can begin to approach that of adults?
Robazza: Solo After intensive work on coordination skills may begin specialization sports.
This does not mean that kids should not do tennis, it is clear that they must do if they are to play tennis.
It 's the way the sport is proposed to be revised. In any sport, including tennis, ranging proposals of the motor varied experiences through play and other fun activities. Towards the 12-13 years there will be an increasing percentage of specific exercises, up to, in light of the boy and his ability, to an increasing specialization. Introducing the specialization in due course, results improve and there increased longevity in the sport career.
Robazza: The early specialization is a problem that involves coaches, engineers, parents, managers and all the sports.
E 'need to understand these people who play important roles, a technical work-rate and specializing, while allowing you to get early results, it is dangerous and tends to undermine the development of boys.
Working on coordinated motor skills, cognitive or mental harm is not the technique, you actually create the conditions to be able to work better, but the results do not necessarily have to come at once, because we have the motor effects and long-term viability. It should also be considered to be the harmful influence that the monotony of a specialized early results in terms of motivation. The psychological damage may be irreparable dall'ipertecnicismo and lead to abandonment.
Therefore, it is certainly preferable to an approach that neglects the specialization at the moment, to recover all that is linked to the coordinated motor and cognitive aspects, postponing their specialized work, aware that they can later obtain better results.
Tennislab: But sometimes it is difficult to envisage long-term results, because teachers, parents, managers, would like them short, despite the results statistics confirm what you're saying in Italy, in fact the winners of Lambertenghi usually did not get the results of prestige in adulthood. Even in Sweden, where players are formed even earlier than that strong, do not fight over national under-12 tournaments.
I am convinced that your speech should be deepened, to bring some major innovations in setting up youth competitions.
Robazza: Yes, but this has to go through a review of its mobility or competitive demands that are made for children.
requires a long- term to grow over time and changing your philosophy of youth championships.
In the meantime, however, the technicians should not resign and download its responsibilities, but follow the criteria and scientific principles in the activity with the kids, make their demands consistent with the purposes and long-term storage expectations commensurate with age.
This mentality is also transmitted to parents and leaders who often want the results immediately.
engineers have the task of disseminating these principles very clearly.
Tennislab: to what age you think the courts of children can begin to approach that of adults?
Robazza: Solo After intensive work on coordination skills may begin specialization sports.
This does not mean that kids should not do tennis, it is clear that they must do if they are to play tennis.
It 's the way the sport is proposed to be revised. In any sport, including tennis, ranging proposals of the motor varied experiences through play and other fun activities. Towards the 12-13 years there will be an increasing percentage of specific exercises, up to, in light of the boy and his ability, to an increasing specialization. Introducing the specialization in due course, results improve and there increased longevity in the sport career.
Ap Wards Lab 5 Answers
SANCHEZ SCHOOL SPANISH GENERAL
Original title: THE ROOTS OF SUCCESS SPANISH
Interview by Lisa Frank 
Original title: THE ROOTS OF SUCCESS SPANISH
Interview by Lisa Frank
From: www.tennislab.it
Interview with Emilio Sanchez, one of the authors of the statement of the English Model , analyzed at 360 degrees, the main components of the Iberian success in tennis.
Emilio, giving an example of class, even before the deep analytical capabilities, does not fail to highlight the importance of aspects of social and cultural context in which the motor training of children is largely through spontaneous play.
The training is in the tennis competition a decisive factor on which their model fits productively technical-tactical and strategic.
Emilio Sanchez has been a key example of an athlete for the promotion and dissemination of tennis in Spain and a reference for his fellow countrymen, on whose model they have built their success.
technicians, his Academy is a functional state of the art center can give further impetus and assistance to the English method, on whose statement we can therefore be considered surely one of the major artists. In the analysis of relevant results
Spaniards Emilio not be separated from social and cultural aspects, showing sensitivity to the evolution methodology and of children and young people.
The attribution of success earned the top in tennis, not only to their pattern of play and training, but that turns out to be profound and decisive characteristic is certainly index, as well as admirable modesty, and depth of assessment of vision, which make it desirable to use as a model coach Sanchez.
TENNISlAB: What do you think the fundamentals of English tennis player movement?
SANCHEZ: The model brings together various aspects. First, each generation of players creates at least one sample, which become important references for young people, and secondly, the climate Spain is favorable and can play very well outdoors as children, so the average level is high and competition, are numerous and of high quality. The amount you get results regardless of the training methodology.
Furthermore, compared to Italy, private lessons cost very little, and then the teachers have no incentive to make and prefer the school to develop and aim sull'agonistica.
TENNISlAB: The motor level of English children who come to court is already high for the work done in school as in France?
SANCHEZ: France is surely a country advanced in education motor school, but I think enough is being done sport in Spain.
TENNISlAB: What are the social habits and, therefore, believe that the motor contributes to the formation of the English children playground?
SANCHEZ: Our children play outside a lot in the street. Italian parents think they are much more possessive, leaving little free their children.
TENNISlAB: training base engine of English children is, in your opinion, is usually already sufficient to start a specialty-specific preparatory exercises or used?
SANCHEZ: With children aged 5 to 10 years we are beginning to set a specific job only This year, because our Academy has had an address in the first two years of very competitive type. Now we are facing in starting a specific program prerequisites for the formation of the engines of children and this year we included in our staff to master Lorenzo Fargas, a former professional, who will take care of the child only.
TENNISlAB: At what age children begin to compete in Spain?
SANCHEZ: Officially by under12, but at the same tournaments are also held under 10. Whereas before I think there are mini tennis competitions.
Now people are starting to develop a program with the Catalan Federation to promote tennis in schools.
TENNISlAB: Share this setting?
SANCHEZ: I think it's best to begin to compete before. However, the official competitions have the problem of giving rise to a ranking that often leads to negative attitudes and expectations, even by teachers who do not always give the right meaning, analyzing the reasons for success, which are often of an anthropometric, whereas neither in perspective the potential, the aspects of training and the potential for growth with the values \u200b\u200bcan change.
TENNISlAB: compete in the under-10 standard?
SANCHEZ: Yes In our circles there are no specific facilities for mini tennis, because those who support them is not interested in promoting it.
I think the competition, up to under 14 would serve only to amuse the kids, but do not have a large technical and predictive value. I remember that I always lost under 14 with a 1.80 m tall We had a difference of considerable stature who did not allow me to win. The ranking
youth are negative, begin to make sense when the level becomes high at all.
Also at 13 years if it stands at under are beginning to take money from the companies, creating confusion and destructive expectations. The attitude of the adults and the environment is very important to avoid a potential destabilization of young people.
I remember on an important Italian magazine in a cover under12. This is not at all productive, although I realize that the Italian tennis needs of phenomena.
In Spain we have currently under 16, Nadal is very similar to Moya, the world champion under 12, 14, a number under 16, which this year has gone on in Wimbledon juniors and has successfully debuted in its first futures, but not have been released on the cover of any magazine!
satellite tournaments in Spain in 90 out of 128 players are English and if the best is not hard work starting to be overtaken by reinforcements.
TENNISlAB: As for the mini tennis competitions are favorable, but I understand that you do not have an organization of competitions.
SANCHEZ: Yes, the Academy because we are starting only now, but we hope to begin to organize. Before
children who started early had no activity up to 10 years. With the advent of mini tennis now and then can begin to compete to have fun and improve. Normally play in football games before the age of 6.
If the same does not happen in our sport a lot of abandoned children.
Towards the age of 12 with physical development can begin playing across the board.
TENNISlAB: With the method RITA children can compete now, of course objectives with engines, technical and tactical require modified rules. Do you think this conducive to the sports training?
SANCHEZ: I think for the training of basic skills of children is very effective, obviously have a good time.
Even when parents understand and share the methodological principles, if children do not enjoy it do not feel motivated to engage and continue.
TENNISlAB: In Italy the championship race days in RITA recruit a large number of children between 6 and 11 years, compensating for the lack of competition typical of our tennis child. Do not you think it is a necessary factor in the upturn in activity and growth of our young people?
SANCHEZ: I think it's great What, with significant benefits for the clubs and their schools. We
when we still have a small number of children, and because we just started, and because our structure is not easily accessible, although on weekends the crowd starts to be significant. When we need to compete in our industry child wants to organize a mini tennis competitions.
TENNISlAB: in different age groups, how significant percentage given to the technical, tactical, physical and psychological?
SANCHEZ: At first we try to convey the love for the sport rather than set up an analytical program.
E 'important begin to develop skills such as balance and feel the ball and the racket arm. The athletic part is about 25-30% of the time spent honing his skills with the children is mostly general in nature.
In Spain we have a large number of competitions, then those who want to compete at any age can do it at a good level, so that part of the training is developed through the races, to help teach responsibility and make decisions.
Racing is still a workout tool, not an end of youth.
All this makes our children self-employed, while we note that most of the Italians who come to train us to expect to be guided, lack of initiative.
TENNISlAB: Specific training strategic and tactical aspects of your students?
SANCHEZ: We try to help the students to play in all areas of the field and improve offensive and defensive actions.
When very small they can not always put into practice what we recommend, but we nevertheless important to begin to explain aspects of the game. Growing up we aim to be comprehensive and players after the game level will depend on their characteristics and their head, heart and legs.
TENNISlAB: follow a particular approach to mental preparation?
SANCHEZ: We we believe that psychology is a matter of exclusive competence of the coach, because he spent many hours with the athletes, used in many stages of their careers.
I believe that the intervention of the psychologist should be primarily aimed at coaches to educate them and give expertise.
Interview with Emilio Sanchez, one of the authors of the statement of the English Model , analyzed at 360 degrees, the main components of the Iberian success in tennis.
Emilio, giving an example of class, even before the deep analytical capabilities, does not fail to highlight the importance of aspects of social and cultural context in which the motor training of children is largely through spontaneous play.
The training is in the tennis competition a decisive factor on which their model fits productively technical-tactical and strategic.
Emilio Sanchez has been a key example of an athlete for the promotion and dissemination of tennis in Spain and a reference for his fellow countrymen, on whose model they have built their success.
technicians, his Academy is a functional state of the art center can give further impetus and assistance to the English method, on whose statement we can therefore be considered surely one of the major artists. In the analysis of relevant results
Spaniards Emilio not be separated from social and cultural aspects, showing sensitivity to the evolution methodology and of children and young people.
The attribution of success earned the top in tennis, not only to their pattern of play and training, but that turns out to be profound and decisive characteristic is certainly index, as well as admirable modesty, and depth of assessment of vision, which make it desirable to use as a model coach Sanchez.
TENNISlAB: What do you think the fundamentals of English tennis player movement?
SANCHEZ: The model brings together various aspects. First, each generation of players creates at least one sample, which become important references for young people, and secondly, the climate Spain is favorable and can play very well outdoors as children, so the average level is high and competition, are numerous and of high quality. The amount you get results regardless of the training methodology.
Furthermore, compared to Italy, private lessons cost very little, and then the teachers have no incentive to make and prefer the school to develop and aim sull'agonistica.
TENNISlAB: The motor level of English children who come to court is already high for the work done in school as in France?
SANCHEZ: France is surely a country advanced in education motor school, but I think enough is being done sport in Spain.
TENNISlAB: What are the social habits and, therefore, believe that the motor contributes to the formation of the English children playground?
SANCHEZ: Our children play outside a lot in the street. Italian parents think they are much more possessive, leaving little free their children.
TENNISlAB: training base engine of English children is, in your opinion, is usually already sufficient to start a specialty-specific preparatory exercises or used?
SANCHEZ: With children aged 5 to 10 years we are beginning to set a specific job only This year, because our Academy has had an address in the first two years of very competitive type. Now we are facing in starting a specific program prerequisites for the formation of the engines of children and this year we included in our staff to master Lorenzo Fargas, a former professional, who will take care of the child only.
TENNISlAB: At what age children begin to compete in Spain?
SANCHEZ: Officially by under12, but at the same tournaments are also held under 10. Whereas before I think there are mini tennis competitions.
Now people are starting to develop a program with the Catalan Federation to promote tennis in schools.
TENNISlAB: Share this setting?
SANCHEZ: I think it's best to begin to compete before. However, the official competitions have the problem of giving rise to a ranking that often leads to negative attitudes and expectations, even by teachers who do not always give the right meaning, analyzing the reasons for success, which are often of an anthropometric, whereas neither in perspective the potential, the aspects of training and the potential for growth with the values \u200b\u200bcan change.
TENNISlAB: compete in the under-10 standard?
SANCHEZ: Yes In our circles there are no specific facilities for mini tennis, because those who support them is not interested in promoting it.
I think the competition, up to under 14 would serve only to amuse the kids, but do not have a large technical and predictive value. I remember that I always lost under 14 with a 1.80 m tall We had a difference of considerable stature who did not allow me to win. The ranking
youth are negative, begin to make sense when the level becomes high at all.
Also at 13 years if it stands at under are beginning to take money from the companies, creating confusion and destructive expectations. The attitude of the adults and the environment is very important to avoid a potential destabilization of young people.
I remember on an important Italian magazine in a cover under12. This is not at all productive, although I realize that the Italian tennis needs of phenomena.
In Spain we have currently under 16, Nadal is very similar to Moya, the world champion under 12, 14, a number under 16, which this year has gone on in Wimbledon juniors and has successfully debuted in its first futures, but not have been released on the cover of any magazine!
satellite tournaments in Spain in 90 out of 128 players are English and if the best is not hard work starting to be overtaken by reinforcements.
TENNISlAB: As for the mini tennis competitions are favorable, but I understand that you do not have an organization of competitions.
SANCHEZ: Yes, the Academy because we are starting only now, but we hope to begin to organize. Before
children who started early had no activity up to 10 years. With the advent of mini tennis now and then can begin to compete to have fun and improve. Normally play in football games before the age of 6.
If the same does not happen in our sport a lot of abandoned children.
Towards the age of 12 with physical development can begin playing across the board.
TENNISlAB: With the method RITA children can compete now, of course objectives with engines, technical and tactical require modified rules. Do you think this conducive to the sports training?
SANCHEZ: I think for the training of basic skills of children is very effective, obviously have a good time.
Even when parents understand and share the methodological principles, if children do not enjoy it do not feel motivated to engage and continue.
TENNISlAB: In Italy the championship race days in RITA recruit a large number of children between 6 and 11 years, compensating for the lack of competition typical of our tennis child. Do not you think it is a necessary factor in the upturn in activity and growth of our young people?
SANCHEZ: I think it's great What, with significant benefits for the clubs and their schools. We
when we still have a small number of children, and because we just started, and because our structure is not easily accessible, although on weekends the crowd starts to be significant. When we need to compete in our industry child wants to organize a mini tennis competitions.
TENNISlAB: in different age groups, how significant percentage given to the technical, tactical, physical and psychological?
SANCHEZ: At first we try to convey the love for the sport rather than set up an analytical program.
E 'important begin to develop skills such as balance and feel the ball and the racket arm. The athletic part is about 25-30% of the time spent honing his skills with the children is mostly general in nature.
In Spain we have a large number of competitions, then those who want to compete at any age can do it at a good level, so that part of the training is developed through the races, to help teach responsibility and make decisions.
Racing is still a workout tool, not an end of youth.
All this makes our children self-employed, while we note that most of the Italians who come to train us to expect to be guided, lack of initiative.
TENNISlAB: Specific training strategic and tactical aspects of your students?
SANCHEZ: We try to help the students to play in all areas of the field and improve offensive and defensive actions.
When very small they can not always put into practice what we recommend, but we nevertheless important to begin to explain aspects of the game. Growing up we aim to be comprehensive and players after the game level will depend on their characteristics and their head, heart and legs.
TENNISlAB: follow a particular approach to mental preparation?
SANCHEZ: We we believe that psychology is a matter of exclusive competence of the coach, because he spent many hours with the athletes, used in many stages of their careers.
I believe that the intervention of the psychologist should be primarily aimed at coaches to educate them and give expertise.
Milena Velba And Mask
Original title: UNDER GENERAL (Basic muscle building)
Author: Stelvio Beraldo
From: www.tennislab.it
Thanks RITA ( Italian Tennis Research Association, is a cultural association founded in 1998 and research and spread throughout the country, with the aim of promoting and implementing activities, studies, projects and research to improve knowledge and skills of its members, to encourage a resumption of the courts in Italy)
IMPORTANCE OF FORCE GENERAL
the general force is identified with optimal efficiency and tropism of all muscle groups. Thus, a muscle-building aimed at achieving a balance of muscle strength and aesthetic harmony.
be aware that:
- The general strength training can be used as an end in itself or targeted following the increase of the various aspects of the force. In fact, a first pass through a period dedicated to building muscle is compulsory for anyone who wants to improve as a result of the maximum strength, speed strength, strength endurance and muscle hypertrophy.
- Thanks to this phase of training (under general) can also be obtained biological adaptations (hardening of the musculoskeletal system, especially in its joints and muscle-tendon components) and coordinates, which are essential for a more intense and specific.
- Loads that are used should not be high. Despite this strength will undergo a significant increase already.
- exercises that involve multiple muscles simultaneously must have absolute priority (eg, leg squats, presses and bending arms, etc..), Giving less value to the exercises tend to locate on the commitment of restricted muscle regions. These may be included if you need specific interventions aimed at rebalancing the particular weakness and tropism.
- In the young should not be in a hurry to use early on means and methods to acquire the force. In fact, unlike other motor skills, even after the power to easily and quickly respond to the stimuli of the training. Strength in competitive sports is only one aspect of the skills needed to perform a dynamic sports action, action that becomes effective only when there is a balance between muscle strength and other motor skills, particularly the quantity and quality of the "baggage" coordinative acquired. Especially for lower limb strength and coordination can be improved effectively and simultaneously with natural exercises performed with high dynamic load (see "Improving the strength and rapid speed of the lower limbs with the exercises against natural"). Small dumbbells can be useful if it is necessary correct obvious imbalance of muscle strength of trunk and arms.
METHODS OF IMPROVING THE FORCE GENERAL
METHOD OF REPEATED LOADS (with low and medium loads)
The parameters are a reworking of what is proposed by VM Zaciorskij in the 70 'with the definition of "Method of repeated efforts."
Features:
- This is the method of choice for the general strength.
- is addressed to all, independent of age and sex. It can be used successfully evolved from an athlete who takes training after a long interruption.
- Provides for the use of low and medium loads between 65-80% of the ceiling, or allowing the execution of each series with a number between 14-6 reps to "exhaustion," meaning it out the execution until the last possible repeat run correctly, however.
- Start with a first phase, lasting 3-4 weeks where it is appropriate to charge lower rates of between 60-70% of the ceiling, or between 16-10 reps per set.
- Choose the range of exercises including those that involve multiple muscles simultaneously (eg, bending the legs, arms, presses, etc.)..
Working parameters
percent compared to the maximum load: 65-80%
serial number for each muscle group: 6-8
number of repetitions in each series: exhausted
Speed \u200b\u200bof execution: fluent and controlled
recovery time between sets: complete (at least 2.5 to 3 minutes)
pyramidal method (large pyramid)
Features:
- It is addressed to all, independent of age and sex. It can be successfully used by an athlete that incorporates advanced training after long break.
- It differs from the previous method only for the execution of the series that have a constant rate with increasing load first (round), then decreasing (return).
- The progression of the load between a series and the next is about 5% of the weight used.
- All other parameters are similar to the previous method of repeated loading.
- It is less effective method of load limits because, in the traditional pyramid, are offered few effective set right on the percentage of cargo more challenging. You can avoid this by running with the load considered optimal set of more than one step.
METHOD Isometric
Features:
- manifestation of force against a fixed resistance, which is a static work of the muscle.
- The increase in strength is mainly in the chosen angular position of the body segments. It is therefore appropriate to select and act for each year, at least three different angular positions, a more closed, a middle and a more open (Figure).
- quickly fatigues the central nervous system, also, if used for a long time can disrupt motor coordination and muscle extensibility.
- It is recommended only for short periods when used as a method auxiliary force for the development of joint positions in particularly "critical" and features some athletic movements (especially at high voltages useful for the development of maximum force).
Merits and limitations of training Isometric
ADVANTAGES - Very effective for increasing strength.
- It does not require special equipment.
- Allows you to perform a wide range of exercises, also located.
- allows the determination of the load required at all joint positions of body segments.
- may be useful for the development of strength in the angular positions of the body segments "critical" characteristics and some athletic movements (crossing the "barrier" of force due to adaptation to the various methods used). This is especially true for the maximum force.
- Also used in rehabilitation as the manifestation of muscle tension does not involve the movement of the joint and on the action of "rubbing" of the tendons.
DISADVANTAGES - The increase in strength is mainly in the chosen angular position of the body segments. It is therefore appropriate to select and act for each year, at least three different angular positions, a more closed, a middle and a more open (Figure). Thus, time-consuming.
- Does not improve intermuscular coordination (Coordination between synergistic muscles) and can disrupt coordination.
- adversely affects the extensibility of muscles and their ability to release.
- quickly fatigues the central nervous system.
- Contraindicated in the sport of speed, speed and speed strength. In such cases it may be used only for a short course tending to the development of maximum force in specific angular positions of the body segments.
- The cardiovascular system is subjected to considerable stress (respiratory arrest). Therefore, it is contraindicated in the elderly, heart patients and younger.
Working parameters
percentage of the maximum voltage: 65-80%
serial number for each muscle group: 4-6
Number of repetitions in each set: a repetition period of 8-12 seconds
Speed \u200b\u200bof execution: none, the tension is expressed against a fixed resistance
recovery time between sets: complete (at least 2.5 to 3 minutes)
method to determine the percentage of cargo, compared to the maximum, to be used (Example: operation of bending the legs).
pipes of the castle are several holes at various heights, where, thanks to the pins (b), you can place the barbell at the corner of isometric work planned (b). Set the maximum weight you can lift it from there then just load the bar with the percentage expected on the pins immediately lower (a) and run the series planned by pushing the tool, as long as expected, against the pins that block slope (b ).
Thursday, December 3, 2009
What Is A Figure 8 Power Cord?
programming for kids!
wonderful little program to learn, to your children, the theory of systems and programming languages \u200b\u200bused in the world with a lot of fun!
Great tool to take the ball and begin to understand something we parents)
wonderful little program to learn, to your children, the theory of systems and programming languages \u200b\u200bused in the world with a lot of fun!
Great tool to take the ball and begin to understand something we parents)
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STRENGTH TRAINING SYSTEMS ENERGY FOR THE SPECIFIC SERVICE TENNIS
From PTR Tennis
TRAINING SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC tennis players
Mark S. Kovacs. (IFPA Tennis and Fitness Academy, Tampa, Florida)
(Article appeared in "Strength and Conditioning Journal, Oct. 2004)
The design of training specific energy of the system (ESS) for court should be based on clear and present beliefs demands of the sport. Tennis players regularly compete in matches of more than 2 hours, requiring primarily high-intensity, short-term trading combined with short recovery periods. The duration of work and recovery is highly variable and involve different muscle groups. For these reasons, the training for tennis is complex. When designing training programs is important to train energy systems primarily involved in the match. E 'unacceptable train tennis players with good systems for other sports. Few other sports have physiological characteristics similar to those of tennis, so coaches need to develop more specific training for tennis players. The problem of specificity of training is still prevalent when working the development of aerobic capacity, usually greater than the target phase of training to prepare the main or non-competitive. The traditional influence "slow - aerobic and uniform long-interval training is still present in some tennis conditioning programs. Run 10 times to 400 m. on the track or repeat several times the miles build aerobic capacity and a certain increase in the tolerance of lactate, but this may not be an effective training protocol for the courts. To help delineate specific programs for tennis, it is important to understand the nature of the sport. Some data are still quoted on the energy system normally involved in the game of tennis was provided by Fox and Mathews (Exercise Physiology: theory applied to Fitness and Performance) more than 30 years ago. These authors estimate that
the largest energy system for the resynthesis of ATP in tennis was anaerobic (80%), the triphosphate-phosphocreatine (15%) and
that only the aerobic 5%. This predominance of anaerobic energy sources is confirmed by other studies in the literature (Elliott, Dawson, Pyke. The energetics of singles tennis. J. Hum. Movement Stud. 1985; Richers. Time-motion analysis of the energy systems in elite and competitive singles tennis. J. Hum. Movement Stud. 1995).
The length of the tennis matches has led other researchers to conclude that the aerobic metabolic system (oxidative) provides the main mechanism of ATP resynthesis during the duration of the match. These opposite results may depend on the methods and procedures of the study. Although the methods of work will continue over long distances to develop their aerobic capacity, it would seem more appropriate for the players because it lacks specificity to the physiological requirements of a tennis match. You still have to train the aerobic capacity because most of the regeneration ATP is due to aerobic, so it is author's opinion that the interval training of short shots is more specialized for tennis if the workload could reproduce the timing of the lot (with appropriate intervals of work / rest ).
Reports Analysis work / rest.
A good non-invasive method to determine the parameters of the game of tennis is to analyze the intervals work / rest. Previous studies that had analyzed the intervals work / rest in tennis were very different from each other and depended the playing surface, the level of competition and sex of the player. If the available time and resources permit, may be useful to analyze the data of work / rest for each athlete to determine an individualized exercise program. Understandably this is not always feasible. Here is a brief review, provided as a guide, the available literature about the intervals work / rest in tennis. No research has shown that the average length of a point, during a tennis match, more than 20 seconds. In most studies, the average length of a point is less than 15 ". In a recent analysis that our research team was conducted by comparing the men's final U.S. Open 2003 with that of 1988, it is interesting to note that the average duration of each point is reduced by over 50% in the last 15 years. The duration of the game at any point in 1988 was 12 "2 and fell to 5" 99 in 2003. The average recovery time between points was 15 "18 in the final of 2003 and decreased approximately 50% by the end of 1988. Another important statistic is that 93% of all points played lasted less than 15 ".
style of play can influence the length of the points in a match played at. Two players from the field, they gather at the bottom of the most sustained attack against two players (serve-volley). Style So the game could be one explanation for the large difference in duration of 15 years now. However, the two-match analysis involving the two best players in the world rankings at the time, and a player in each match had characteristics hitter from the baseline that is best suited to the harsh terrain of play, while the other player better suited to farm lenses on earth. If the teachers are still using the old information from comprehensive research training obsolete, they may think to offer specific training programs for tennis, but not using recent data, these programs are ineffective to develop the fitness of the modern players.
Relationship between working time and recovery time.
The relationship between duration of work time and recovery time is a very important part to consider when designing conditioning programs for tennis players. Before commenting on what is reported in the literature in this field, it is important to remember that the period changes in the field of not more than 90 ". According to the literature, the player is 2.3 to 3.27 seconds of recovery for each second of the game (J. Chandler. Work / rest intervals in world class tennis. Tennis Pro , 1991; Yoneyama, Watanabe, Oda Game analysis of in-paly-time and out-of-play time in the Davis Cup World Congress on Sport Sciences. Sydney, October 1999). This could indicate that a task duration of 5, an acceptable payback period could be between 11 to 18 seconds. The relationship between work and recovery for an entire match, including also the gap between games and exchange-field, was defined between 2.9 and 4.73 seconds of recovery for each second of work performed. (Elliott, Dawson, Pyke. The energetics of singles tennis. J. Hum. Movement Stud. 1985; Kovacs, Strecker, Chandler, Smith, Pascoe. Time analysis of work / rest intervals in men's professional tennis. SA College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. Atlenta, January 2004).
design errors in programs for tennis.
These data highlight how short the time for each point in the game of tennis. These statements, though very important, are rarely used when studying physical conditioning programs for tennis players. Too much importance is given to traditional aerobic exercise, such as running 3 and 5 miles (4.8 - 8 km) in the form of lactate or training interspersed repeated 1 to 2 minutes (400 to 800 m). It 'been shown that blood lactate levels do not rise during the tennis match racing at high level (Bergeron, Maresha, Kraemer, Abraham, Conroy, Gabare. Tennis: a physiological profile During match play. Int J. Sports Med 1991), which would indicate that the training that could induce a significant increase in lactate may not be useful and therefore not recommended for players tennis. Another design fault that the teachers sometimes do is to combine the speed and agility training with ESS (Energy System designed specifically for the tennis). The training for the speed and agility training requires specific conditions that allow adequate recovery for the cellular mechanisms and nervous. This means that the work should be short, with long periods of recovery. This increased recovery time produces a sufficient supply of ATP and CP (creatine phosphate). The aerobic component of training, referred to the Court, require a specific training focused overload at the level of muscle cells and require short periods recovery are not those of the training of their speed / agility. Some teachers try to train these two components simultaneously, but this is a mistake. These different training conditions must be developed in separate sessions. If there is not much time on the part of speed / agility must be held at the beginning of training when the athlete is rested, while the specific aerobic component should be developed towards the end of the session.
Practical applications.
are here The following examples of grassroots movements and training exercises to be carried out in tennis.
sprint These have a variable duration depending on the level of tennis players, but between 5 and 45 seconds. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of different exercises in the field, but to explain how to enter these types of exercises in the sessions of physical conditioning of your athletes.
The following table is a sample session of physical conditioning for a high level of college tennis competitive and can be used as a guide for the development of ESS (Energy System Specific) particularly suitable for tennis. This sample program is designed using work / recovery based on published research and outlines the duration of each repetition and recoveries between repetitions and September This example of a session can be used as a model of training for a period of not racing or in preparation for the season and is the most appropriate substitute for the traditional long, slow aerobic training.
Rccomandazioni.
When studying a specific training program for tennis is useful for athletes to maintain an intensity of physical conditioning born equal or greater intensity during the meetings. The majority of working hours must be less than 15 sec. while the rest between reps should not exceed 45 sec. The work / recovery should be comparable with that found in a lot. An acceptable ratio is to 2 to 4 seconds of recovery for each second of work. After 10 to 15 repetitions there should be a longer recovery to simulate the break between games. These recommendations are designed for the development of specific energy for tennis. They should not be used when an emphasis on development of speed or agility.
feedback on the work of Luigi Casale Mark Kovacs.
a long time in Italy there is a lively debate between proponents of traditional development of specific energy capacity for the courts and those who propose means and methods that follow the more specific work times and recovery of the game of tennis .
The coaches try to develop more traditional components of its athletes with aerobic sessions long run continues or spaced according to the classical patterns of athletics in times of the year and the preparatory period, however distant from the main racing.
But a pressing question imposes itself with this statement: there is now a main competitive period for the young tennis player agonist? The answer is certainly NO because the tournaments are continuing at a rapid pace without leaving the player free to deal with 7, 8 weeks of heavy physical work and complete the development of a capability-organic muscle.
My twenty years' experience of physical preparation of players agonists suggests I say that only in the case of glaring shortcomings in the aerobic characteristics of a player is faced with a period of specific conditions for this capability. The means of investigation to see if the player has a suffciente level of aerobic capacity and the conduct of specific test (Cooper test and test Leger) that should not be repeated more than twice a year.
Many indicators are exercises to develop the capacity and aerobic power from the likes of Mark Kovacs article published in these pages, remember that these specific physical characteristics of the tennis player can and should be tested with specific tests such as Spider Test and others.
If the values \u200b\u200bof the test of endurance is insufficient (For example, less than 3000 m in the Cooper test for a tennis player agonist of 16 years) then we recommend the application of a specific program, including sessions of continuous run 80 - 85% of maximum heart rate bearable, cycling training , cross country skiing or aerobic machines, also including football or soccer as garde of young Italians.
Dr. Louis Casale
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